Victorian society is often distinguished by its strict
rules regarding morality, propriety, and sex… all of which are satirized by Oscar Wilde’s
The Importance of Being Earnest. The
play centers on Algernon and Jack – two young bachelors who engage in the
practice of “bunburying.” As defined by Algernon, Bunburying is the practice of
creating an elaborate deception that allows one to misbehave while seeming to
uphold the very highest standards of duty and responsibility. In other words,
it is the practice of leading a double life in order to escape responsibility,
while maintaining your street cred as a prim and proper component of Victorian
era society. Just as a child may create an imaginary friend, Jack and Algernon
create imaginary loved ones: a brother named Earnest and a chronically-sick friend
named Bunbury. While a little kid’s imaginary friend may serve as the child’s trusty
companion and secret-keeper, Earnest and Bunbury’s existences are
manifestations of Jack and Algernon’s secret deceit.
In The Importance of Being Earnest Wilde
utilizes the pseudo-moralic – and highly deceptive – actions of Jack and
Algernon to satirize the importance of public image in Victorian era society.
For example, it was quite fashionable for people belonging to the upper-middle
classes to do their “public duty” by visiting the poor and the sick. By telling
people that he is tending to his loosey goosey brother named Earnest, Jack
projects an image of moral responsibility for others that is completely fabricated.
And when Algernon tells others that he must leave the city in order to care for
his invalid friend, Bunbury, he displays a sense of Christian charity. In this
way, Jack and Algernon are able to mask their personal impurities with airs of
benevolent duty to the public good. By
showcasing characters who exploit values of unselfish morality to the benefit
of their public image, Wilde provides a definitive contrast between public
appearance and personal identity (this is comparable to both the “seems vs. is”
motif in Hamlet and the “public vs.
personal identity” motif in The Age of
Innocence!).
Moreover,
the role of food in Wilde’s play is symbolic of the discord between personal
identity and social protocol. Judging from the two Acts that we’ve read in
class, food seems to be a source of tension between Algernon and Jack. This is
highly atypical in the upper class society of the Victorian era, seeing as
eating was a common scenario in which people were expected to act courteous and
proper. Instead, Algernon consumes food frequently and exaggeratedly, in a
highly unsophisticated manner.To make matters even stranger,
Algernon seems to do this more when the food belongs to someone else (i.e. the
cucumber sandwiches that were intended for Lady Bracknell). This could be an
indication of the gender role reversal that pervades Wilde’s play. Men of Algernon’s
social class were expected to be the hospitable providers for their guests and
the women in their lives. Algernon, on the other hand, is always receiving food
from the women in his life, rather than providing for them. It is possible that
Algernon’s unruliness in his highly gendered social sphere mirrors Wilde’s
personal defiance of traditional gender roles.